1. Caulfield LE, Richard SA, Rivera JA, Musgrove P, Black RE. Stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiency disorders. Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, Alleyne G, Claeson M, Evans DB, et al., editors. Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. 2006;pp 551–68.
2. International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders; UNICEF; World Health Organization. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. 3rd ed. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization. 2007.
3. Vanderpas J. Nutritional epidemiology and thyroid hormone metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 2006;26:293–322.
4. Trumbo P, Yates AA, Schlicker S, Poos M. Dietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. J Am Diet Assoc 2001;101:294–301.
5. Wolff J, Chaikoff IL, Meier JR. The temporary nature of the inhibitory action of excess iodide on organic iodine synthesis in the normal thyroid. Endocrinology 1949;45:504–13.
7. Zimmermann M, Saad A, Hess S, Torresani T, Chaouki N. Thyroid ultrasound compared with World Health Organization 1960 and 1994 palpation criteria for determination of goiter prevalence in regions of mild and severe iodine deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;143:727–31.
9. Nath SK, Moinier B, Thuillier F, Rongier M, Desjeux JF. Urinary excretion of iodide and fluoride from supplemented food grade salt. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1992;62:66–72.
10. Jahreis G, Hausmann W, Kiessling G, Franke K, Leiterer M. Bioavailability of iodine from normal diets rich in dairy products--results of balance studies in women. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2001;109:163–7.
11. Organización Mundial de la Salud (Ginebra). Indicators for assessing iodine deficiency disorders and their control through salt iodization. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization. 1994.
14. Moon JS, Lee SY, Nam CM, Choi JM, Choe BK, Seo JW, et al. 2007 Korean national growth charts: review of developmental process and an outlook. Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:1–25.
15. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Nutrition Unit. Recommended iodine levels in salt and guidelines for monitoring their adequacy and effectiveness. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization. 1996.
16. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The state of the world's children 2012: children in an urban world. New York: UNCEF. 2012.
18. Charlton K, Skeaff S. Iodine fortification: why, when, what, how, and who? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2011;14:618–24.
19. Expert Group of Vitamins and Minerals. Safe upper levels for vitamins and minerals. London: Food Standards Agency. 2003.
20. Han MR, Ju DL, Park YJ, Paik HY, Song Y. An iodine database for common Korean foods and the association between iodine intake and thyroid disease in Korean adults. Int J Thyroidol 2015;8:170–82.
23. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. World urbanization prospects: the 2014 revision. New York: UN. 2015.
24. Ko YM, Kwon YS, Park YK. An iodine database establishment and iodine intake in Korean adults: Based on the 1998~ 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Health 2017;50:624–44.
25. Glynn L, Emmett P, Rogers I, ALSPAC Study Team. Food and nutrient intakes of a population sample of 7-year-old children in the south-west of England in 1999/2000 - what difference does gender make? J Hum Nutr Diet 2005;18:7–19.
26. Knudsen N, Bulow I, Laurberg P, Ovesen L, Perrild H, Jorgensen T. Low socio-economic status and familial occurrence of goitre are associated with a high prevalence of goitre. Eur J Epidemiol 2003;18:175–81.
29. Kang MJ, Hwang IT, Chung HR. Excessive iodine intake and subclinical hypothyroidism in children and adolescents aged 6-19 years: results of the sixth Korean national health and nutrition examination survey, 2013-2015. Thyroid 2018;28:773–9.
30. Teng W, Shan Z, Teng X, Guan H, Li Y, Teng D, et al. Effect of iodine intake on thyroid diseases in china. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2783–93.