| Effects of Family Environment and Parenting Behavior on Glycemic Control and Depressive Symptoms in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. |
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Eun Young Kwon, Hyo Jin Jung, Hyun Ji Kim, Im Jeong Choi, Jung Hyun Lee, Jae Ho Yoo |
1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea. pedendo@dau.ac.kr
2Department of Pediatrics, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, Busan, Korea.
3Department of Pediatrics, Maryknoll Medical Center, Busan, Korea.
4Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea. |
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| Abstract |
PURPOSE
We aimed to evaluate the influence of family environment, parenting behavior, and psychological characteristics on metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).
METHODS: We performed a statistical survey among Korean children (adolescents; age, 11-17 years) undergoing treatment for type 1 DM for more than a year and the parents of these children. We obtained the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels; children's depression inventory (CDI) scores; family affection, partnership, growth, adaptation, resolve (APGAR) scores; parenting behavior inventory (PBI) scores; and scores of the Korean version of family environment scale (FES-K) for these families. The results of the survey were collected and analyzed using statistical methods.
RESULTS
We found a statistically significant evidence of a positive relationship between HbA1c levels and depressive symptoms (r=0.43, P=0.001). However, there was no relationship between HbA1c levels and family APGAR scores.
FES-cohesion scale (beta=-0.422, P=0.005), achievement orientation scale (beta=-0.323, P=0.013), and control scale (beta=0.356, P=0.009)-were significant predictors of HbA1c levels. In the family APGAR index, low CDI score (P=0.001) were indicative of a highly functional family. Furthermore, the family APGAR scale showed a statistically significant association with the reasoning and affection subscales of the PBI scale and inverse association with the inconsistency subscale of the PBI scale. Multiple-regression analysis of the data revealed that the monitoring (beta=-0.325, P=0.045) and reasoning (beta=-0.507, P=0.011) variables of the paternal and maternal PBI scale, respectively, were significant predictors of a child's depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Improvements in family environment and parenting behavior may help improve metabolic control and reduce depressive symptoms in children with type 1 DM. |
| Keywords:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus;Family relations;Parenting;Social environment;Depression |
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