| Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Actions in Developing Brain and the Interaction with Wnt Pathway. |
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Seong Yong Lee |
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Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. gnoygnoes@hanmail.net |
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| Abstract |
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Insulin like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling through type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) is essential to the normal growth and development of the central nervous system. IGF-1 stimulates proliferation of neural stem cells and neural progenitors.
IGF-1 also promotes survival and differentiation of neurons and oligodendrocytes, including neuritic outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and myelin production. The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3)-Akt pathway and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway are two predominant mediators of IGF1-IGF1R signaling in neural cells. beta-catenin, a key molecule of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, is also a downstream target of PI3-Akt-glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) pathway.
IGF-1 signaling through IGF1R interacts with canonical Wnt pathway at the levels of GSK3beta and beta-catenin rather than at the levels of Wnt ligands and Frizzled receptors to promote neural proliferation in developing central nervous system. |
| Keywords:
Insulin-like growth factor I;Type 1 IGF receptor;Wnt proteins;Beta catenin;Central nervous system |
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