This study sought to identify changes in anthropometric values among Korean school students by comparing the most recent nationwide data with previous data.
Data from the Korea School Health Examination Survey 2018 were used. The study population consisted of 107,954 Korean school students ranging from the 1st grade in elementary school through the 3rd year of high school. The difference in height and weight values for each sex and school grade was analyzed by comparison with the Korea School Health Examination Survey 2010.
The mean heights of the 3rd-year high school students were 173.8 cm and 160.9 cm for boys and girls, respectively. The mean height of the 3rd-year high school students showed no difference between 2010 and 2018 for either sex. However, the mean height of the age group from the 3rd grade in elementary school through the 1st year in high school was significantly taller in 2018 compared to 2010 for both sexes. The mean weights of the 3rd-year high school students were 71.3 kg and 57.5 kg for boys and girls, respectively. The mean weight of students in 2018 was significantly higher compared to students in 2010 for most school grades.
Although no significant change was found in near-final height between 2010 and 2018 among high school seniors, the mean height during the growth spurt was significantly higher in 2018 compared to 2010. Weight was significantly higher in almost all school grades in 2018 compared to 2010.
For Korean school students, the near-final height showed no difference between 2010 and 2018. The mean height during the growth spurt was higher in 2018 than in 2010. The mean weight was higher in almost all school grades in 2018 than in 2010.
The linear growth status of pediatric adolescents undergoing a period of growth is the most basic and essential indicator of their overall health status [
In Korea, all students elementary through high school undergo a mandatory annual measurement at schools or at hospitals under the supervision of the Ministry of Education and the Korea Educational Environments Protection Agency. Additionally, the collected data are subsumed under the Korea School Health Examination Survey (KSHES) [
This study aimed to analyze the height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of current Korean school students using the recently released KSHES 2018. We also compared the height and weight in the KSHES 2018 with measurements from the KSHES 2010 to investigate the change in body physique among Korean school students.
The latest nationally representative data from the Korea School Health Examination Survey 2018 (1,023 schools including 108,016 Korean students from the 1st grade in elementary school through the 3rd year of high school;
This study used the publicly available data from the KSHES 2018. Of the entire study population, students whose weights were above the range created by the mean +5× standard deviation by sex and height (n=62) were excluded. The final study population comprised 107,954 Korean students from the 1st grade in elementary school through the 3rd year of high school. The KSHES 2010 result report (747 schools including 188,352 Korean students from the 1st grade in elementary school through the 3rd year of high school;
Height (cm) was measured from the soles of the feet, after removing the shoes and placing the heels together, to the top of the student’s head, with the back, hip, and heels firmly positioned against the vertical backboard of the stadiometer. In the upright position, arms were placed on the sides of the body, and eyes and ears remained in a horizontal position. Weight (kg) was measured while wearing light clothes without shoes on a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.1 kg [
IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for performing statistical analyses. The sample data in the dataset were weighted for all statistical analyses. The values of the variables are presented as mean±standard error or numbers (weighted percentages). The complex samples crosstabs procedures were used for analyzing categorical variables, and the complex samples descriptive procedures were used for analyzing continuous variables. To analyze the mean values of height, weight, and BMI, the complex samples general linear models were used. The frequencies procedure was used to obtain summary measures for the selected percentile values of height, weight, and BMI, according to sex and school grade. An independent samples
This study presented the mean and selected percentile values of height, weight, and BMI of Korean school students based on data from the most recent large-scale measurement. In 2018, the mean height among students between the 3rd grade in elementary school and the 1st year in high school was significantly taller than those in 2010 for both sexes. The mean heights of the 3rd-year high school students in 2018 were 173.8 cm and 160.9 cm for boys and girls, respectively. No significant differences in the mean heights of 1st and 2nd graders in elementary school and seniors in high school were found between 2010 and 2018 for either sex. Meanwhile, the mean weight in 2018 was significantly higher than in 2010 for most school grades.
The mean heights of the 3rd-year high school students in 2018, 173.8 cm for boys and 160.9 cm for girls, were found to be similar to those in 2010. However, the mean height of the age group from the 3rd grade in elementary school through the 3rd year in middle school was significantly taller in 2018 than in 2010, showing differences of about 2 cm for boys and 1 cm for girls. This result suggests that the heights during the rapid growth period are taller than in the past, while near-final height values are similar to those of the past.
A previous study revealed a significant increment in the mean height among the Korean pediatric population between 1965 and 2005 [
While there is little difference in the mean height values between 2010 and 2018 in the younger age groups, a significant difference was observed beginning from the 6th grade in elementary school for boys and the 4th grade in elementary school for girls. The growth spurt is followed by the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty [
The mean weight in 2018 was found to be significantly higher compared to 2010 in both sexes through all of the school grades, except for 1st-grade elementary school boys. This finding suggests that the rapid increase in the mean weight of the Korean pediatric population, which has been observed since the 1980s, continues into 2018 [
In the present study, the 50th percentile values of BMI of the 3rd-year high school students were 22.8 kg/m2 and 21.6 kg/m2 for boys and girls, respectively. On the other hand, the 50th percentile values of BMI for the same age group in the KNGC 2017, about 22.3 kg/m2 in boys and about 21.0 kg/m2 in girls, were approximately 0.5 kg/m2 lower than those in the current study population [
This study has certain limitations. First, although the Ministry of Education and the Korea Educational Environments Protection Agenc y provided a st and ard proto col for anthropometric measurements, measurement bias may exist since the measuring devices were not standardized. Second, the survey did not include questionnaires on pubertal signs. Third, due to the absence of BMI reference values in the KSHES 2010 result report, we could not compare the BMI values between the 2 datasets in this study. Nevertheless, the strength of this study is that it was based on the most recent, large-scale, and valid measurements of anthropometric indices.
In conclusion, this study demonstrated the current status of anthropometric index measurements among Korean school students based on the latest large-scale data in 2018 and also compared them with previous data from 2010.
No difference in height was observed between 2010 and 2018 for 3rd-year high school students, although height values were significantly higher in 2018 than in 2010 among school students undergoing a rapid growth period. Meanwhile, weight values in 2018 were significantly higher than in 2010 in nearly all of the school grades. Therefore, the KSHES might be useful in providing consistently crucial information of anthropometric indices to modify and establish the KNGC in the future.
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital (approval number: SGPAIK 2020-02-002). The data are government-designated statistics (approval number: 112002) based on Article 17 of the Statistics Act.
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
We are grateful to the Ministry of Education of South Korea for permission to use the KSHES data. This study is based on the KSHES, which was conducted by the Ministry of Education with funding from the Government of Korea.
Comparisons of mean height and weight of Korean school students by sex and school grade between Korea School Health Examination Surveys (KSHES) from 2010 and 2018. (A) Mean height for boys, (B) mean weight for boys, (C) mean height for girls, and (D) mean weight for girls. Es, elementary school; Gr, grade; Ms, middle school; Hs, high school. *
General characteristics of the study subjects (n=107,954)
Characteristic | Mean±SE | No. (% |
---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 11.9±0.00 | |
School grade (yr) | ||
Elementary school | ||
Grade 1 | 6.4±0.01 | 6,437 (8.2) |
Grade 2 | 7.3±0.01 | 6,537 (8.1) |
Grade 3 | 8.4±0.01 | 6,532 (7.7) |
Grade 4 | 9.4±0.01 | 6,556 (8.1) |
Grade 5 | 10.3±0.01 | 6,564 (8.5) |
Grade 6 | 11.4±0.01 | 6,465 (7.9) |
Middle school | ||
Grade 1 | 12.4±0.01 | 9,823 (7.5) |
Grade 2 | 13.4±0.01 | 10,002 (8.1) |
Grade 3 | 14.4±0.01 | 10,325 (8.4) |
High school | ||
Grade 1 | 15.4±0.01 | 12,027 (8.2) |
Grade 2 | 16.3±0.01 | 12,944 (9.1) |
Grade 3 | 17.3±0.01 | 13,742 (10.2) |
Sex | ||
Boys | - | 55,039 (51.8) |
Girls | - | 52,915 (48.2) |
Residential area | ||
Urban | - | 83,680 (83.6) |
Suburban | - | 8,431 (5.9) |
Rural | - | 15,843 (10.5) |
SE, standard error.
Weighted percentages after accounting for the sampling design.
Mean and percentile values of height by sex and school grade in Korean school students
School grade | No. | Mean±SE | Difference |
Percentile values of height (cm) |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 3rd | 5th | 10th | 15th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 85th | 90th | 95th | 97th | 99th | |||||
Elementary school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 3,299 | 122.1±0.1 | - | 110.1 | 112.6 | 114.0 | 115.8 | 116.9 | 118.5 | 121.8 | 125.3 | 127.3 | 128.4 | 130.5 | 132.1 | 135.4 | |
Grade 2 | 3,357 | 127.8±0.1 | 5.7 | 115.5 | 118.0 | 119.2 | 121.0 | 122.2 | 124.0 | 127.8 | 131.4 | 133.3 | 134.7 | 137.0 | 138.3 | 141.1 | |
Grade 3 | 3,383 | 133.8±0.1 | 6.0 | 120.4 | 123.2 | 124.4 | 126.4 | 127.8 | 129.8 | 133.7 | 137.6 | 139.7 | 141.2 | 143.4 | 145.0 | 148.0 | |
Grade 4 | 3,355 | 139.7±0.1 | 5.9 | 126.2 | 128.8 | 130.0 | 131.9 | 133.3 | 135.4 | 139.4 | 143.6 | 145.9 | 147.9 | 150.3 | 152.1 | 154.8 | |
Grade 5 | 3,384 | 145.0±0.1 | 5.3 | 130.0 | 132.7 | 134.2 | 136.5 | 138.0 | 140.0 | 144.3 | 148.8 | 151.2 | 153.2 | 156.0 | 158.0 | 161.9 | |
Grade 6 | 3,333 | 152.2±0.1 | 7.2 | 135.9 | 138.8 | 140.5 | 142.8 | 144.5 | 147.0 | 151.9 | 157.0 | 160.3 | 162.1 | 165.0 | 167.0 | 170.5 | |
Middle school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 5,038 | 160.4±0.1 | 8.2 | 141.5 | 145.0 | 147.2 | 150.0 | 151.8 | 154.9 | 160.5 | 166.0 | 168.5 | 170.1 | 172.7 | 174.3 | 177.4 | |
Grade 2 | 5,102 | 166.3±0.1 | 5.9 | 147.6 | 151.6 | 153.6 | 156.7 | 158.8 | 161.7 | 166.5 | 170.8 | 173.2 | 174.9 | 177.1 | 178.6 | 181.7 | |
Grade 3 | 5,315 | 170.2±0.1 | 3.9 | 154.2 | 157.4 | 159.5 | 162.3 | 164.0 | 166.1 | 170.3 | 174.2 | 176.3 | 178.0 | 180.1 | 181.5 | 184.4 | |
High school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 6,188 | 172.6±0.1 | 2.4 | 159.0 | 161.5 | 162.8 | 165.2 | 166.6 | 168.7 | 172.4 | 176.4 | 178.5 | 180.0 | 182.1 | 183.7 | 186.3 | |
Grade 2 | 6,448 | 173.3±0.1 | 0.7 | 159.3 | 162.4 | 164.0 | 165.9 | 167.2 | 169.3 | 173.1 | 177.0 | 179.3 | 180.8 | 183.0 | 184.6 | 187.4 | |
Grade 3 | 6,837 | 173.8±0.1 | 0.5 | 160.4 | 162.9 | 164.3 | 166.3 | 167.8 | 169.9 | 173.7 | 177.6 | 179.8 | 181.1 | 183.1 | 184.6 | 187.1 | |
Elementary school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 3,138 | 120.9±0.1 | - | 109.7 | 111.7 | 112.7 | 114.5 | 115.6 | 117.4 | 120.8 | 124.2 | 126.4 | 127.7 | 129.8 | 131.2 | 134.1 | |
Grade 2 | 3,180 | 126.8±0.1 | 5.9 | 114.4 | 117.0 | 118.0 | 120.0 | 121.3 | 123.0 | 126.6 | 130.1 | 132.2 | 133.4 | 135.5 | 137.2 | 140.5 | |
Grade 3 | 3,149 | 132.4±0.1 | 5.6 | 119.1 | 121.6 | 123.3 | 125.2 | 126.5 | 128.5 | 132.4 | 136.2 | 138.6 | 139.9 | 142.2 | 144.0 | 146.8 | |
Grade 4 | 3,201 | 139.1±0.1 | 6.7 | 125.7 | 127.7 | 128.9 | 131.0 | 132.5 | 134.6 | 139.0 | 143.4 | 145.9 | 147.8 | 150.4 | 152.3 | 154.8 | |
Grade 5 | 3,180 | 145.6±0.1 | 6.5 | 130.1 | 133.0 | 134.4 | 136.7 | 138.1 | 140.6 | 145.7 | 150.4 | 153.1 | 154.7 | 157.1 | 158.4 | 161.0 | |
Grade 6 | 3,132 | 152.2±0.1 | 6.6 | 136.7 | 139.7 | 141.3 | 143.9 | 145.7 | 148.1 | 152.4 | 156.6 | 158.6 | 160.2 | 162.2 | 163.3 | 166.2 | |
Middle school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 4,785 | 156.9±0.1 | 4.7 | 142.9 | 146.2 | 147.6 | 150.0 | 151.4 | 153.3 | 157.0 | 160.4 | 162.5 | 163.9 | 166.0 | 167.5 | 169.6 | |
Grade 2 | 4,900 | 158.9±0.1 | 2.0 | 146.5 | 149.0 | 150.2 | 152.2 | 153.5 | 155.4 | 158.9 | 162.4 | 164.4 | 165.7 | 167.7 | 169.0 | 171.3 | |
Grade 3 | 5,010 | 160.3±0.1 | 1.4 | 147.8 | 150.2 | 151.7 | 153.3 | 154.7 | 156.5 | 160.1 | 163.8 | 165.9 | 167.2 | 169.3 | 170.5 | 173.9 | |
High school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 5,839 | 160.9±0.1 | 0.6 | 148.5 | 151.0 | 152.2 | 154.0 | 155.3 | 157.2 | 160.8 | 164.3 | 166.2 | 167.5 | 169.5 | 170.8 | 173.3 | |
Grade 2 | 6,496 | 160.9±0.1 | 0.0 | 148.3 | 151.0 | 152.5 | 154.2 | 155.6 | 157.4 | 160.8 | 164.4 | 166.2 | 167.5 | 169.6 | 171.0 | 173.4 | |
Grade 3 | 6,905 | 160.9±0.1 | 0.0 | 148.3 | 151.0 | 152.3 | 154.0 | 155.3 | 157.2 | 160.8 | 164.4 | 166.4 | 167.8 | 170.0 | 171.0 | 173.4 |
SE, standard error.
Difference values are the mean differences in height between the corresponding grade-students and the 1-year younger grade-students.
Mean and percentile values of weight by sex and school grade in Korean school students
School grade | No. | Mean±SE | Difference |
Percentile values of weight (kg) |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 3rd | 5th | 10th | 15th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 85th | 90th | 95th | 97th | 99th | |||||
Elementary school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 3,299 | 25.2±0.1 | - | 17.4 | 18.8 | 19.2 | 20.0 | 20.7 | 21.7 | 24.0 | 27.6 | 29.8 | 32.0 | 35.6 | 37.8 | 42.4 | |
Grade 2 | 3,357 | 28.9±0.2 | 3.7 | 19.2 | 20.5 | 21.3 | 22.4 | 23.1 | 24.4 | 27.4 | 31.9 | 35.2 | 37.6 | 41.7 | 44.3 | 49.9 | |
Grade 3 | 3,383 | 33.3±0.2 | 4.4 | 21.4 | 22.8 | 23.7 | 25.0 | 26.0 | 27.5 | 31.5 | 37.5 | 41.5 | 44.1 | 48.8 | 52.3 | 58.2 | |
Grade 4 | 3,355 | 37.9±0.2 | 4.6 | 24.0 | 25.8 | 26.4 | 28.0 | 29.0 | 31.0 | 36.0 | 43.6 | 48.3 | 50.9 | 55.8 | 59.3 | 66.0 | |
Grade 5 | 3,384 | 42.7±0.2 | 4.8 | 26.1 | 28.2 | 29.1 | 30.9 | 32.2 | 34.5 | 40.6 | 48.5 | 53.3 | 56.9 | 63.1 | 66.7 | 74.1 | |
Grade 6 | 3,333 | 49.1±0.3 | 6.4 | 28.6 | 31.5 | 32.7 | 35.0 | 37.0 | 40.4 | 47.7 | 56.5 | 61.8 | 65.5 | 71.8 | 75.4 | 81.6 | |
Middle school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 5,038 | 54.6±0.2 | 5.5 | 31.8 | 34.9 | 36.7 | 39.8 | 42.0 | 45.2 | 52.7 | 62.7 | 68.0 | 72.0 | 78.1 | 82.5 | 92.0 | |
Grade 2 | 5,102 | 60.7±0.3 | 6.1 | 36.0 | 39.9 | 41.7 | 44.9 | 47.3 | 50.8 | 58.3 | 68.5 | 75.4 | 79.6 | 87.2 | 92.0 | 102.0 | |
Grade 3 | 5,315 | 64.6±0.2 | 3.9 | 40.9 | 44.4 | 46.2 | 49.2 | 51.3 | 54.6 | 62.2 | 72.4 | 79.1 | 84.0 | 92.2 | 98.0 | 108.5 | |
High school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 6,188 | 67.8±0.2 | 3.2 | 44.6 | 47.6 | 49.3 | 52.5 | 54.4 | 57.8 | 65.3 | 75.0 | 81.6 | 86.6 | 94.8 | 99.6 | 108.6 | |
Grade 2 | 6,448 | 69.3±0.2 | 1.5 | 46.1 | 49.1 | 51.0 | 53.8 | 55.9 | 59.5 | 66.9 | 76.7 | 83.2 | 87.8 | 96.6 | 102.3 | 112.9 | |
Grade 3 | 6,837 | 71.3±0.2 | 2.0 | 48.0 | 51.1 | 52.6 | 55.8 | 58.0 | 61.3 | 68.9 | 78.2 | 85.0 | 90.0 | 97.9 | 103.0 | 115.1 | |
Elementary school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 3,138 | 24.2±0.1 | - | 17.0 | 18.0 | 18.6 | 19.3 | 20.0 | 21.0 | 23.4 | 26.5 | 28.5 | 30.3 | 32.6 | 34.9 | 39.6 | |
Grade 2 | 3,180 | 27.4±0.1 | 3.2 | 18.6 | 19.7 | 20.4 | 21.4 | 22.2 | 23.4 | 26.0 | 30.0 | 32.8 | 35.2 | 38.5 | 40.5 | 45.2 | |
Grade 3 | 3,149 | 30.8±0.1 | 3.4 | 20.4 | 21.8 | 22.5 | 23.7 | 24.6 | 26.2 | 29.8 | 34.5 | 37.3 | 39.7 | 43.6 | 46.1 | 50.5 | |
Grade 4 | 3,201 | 35.3±0.2 | 4.5 | 22.5 | 24.0 | 24.8 | 26.5 | 27.6 | 29.4 | 34.1 | 40.1 | 44.0 | 46.9 | 51.0 | 54.3 | 60.3 | |
Grade 5 | 3,180 | 40.3±0.2 | 5.0 | 24.7 | 26.9 | 28.0 | 29.9 | 31.2 | 33.7 | 39.0 | 45.7 | 49.5 | 52.6 | 57.2 | 60.6 | 67.2 | |
Grade 6 | 3,132 | 46.0±0.3 | 5.7 | 28.3 | 31.0 | 32.2 | 34.5 | 36.3 | 39.3 | 44.8 | 51.5 | 55.5 | 58.6 | 64.5 | 67.9 | 74.6 | |
Middle school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 4,785 | 50.4±0.2 | 4.4 | 32.3 | 35.4 | 36.9 | 39.2 | 40.8 | 43.5 | 49.0 | 55.8 | 60.3 | 64.1 | 70.6 | 74.4 | 80.6 | |
Grade 2 | 4,900 | 53.2±0.2 | 2.8 | 36.0 | 38.5 | 40.0 | 42.2 | 44.0 | 46.3 | 51.9 | 58.2 | 63.0 | 67.0 | 73.1 | 77.1 | 87.0 | |
Grade 3 | 5,010 | 55.4±0.2 | 2.2 | 38.9 | 41.1 | 42.5 | 44.3 | 45.9 | 48.1 | 53.4 | 60.0 | 64.8 | 68.4 | 75.0 | 79.6 | 88.8 | |
High school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 5,839 | 56.7±0.2 | 1.3 | 39.7 | 42.0 | 43.3 | 45.5 | 47.1 | 49.6 | 54.8 | 61.5 | 66.0 | 70.0 | 76.3 | 80.9 | 90.2 | |
Grade 2 | 6,496 | 57.0±0.2 | 0.3 | 40.0 | 42.4 | 43.9 | 46.0 | 47.6 | 50.0 | 55.0 | 61.9 | 66.8 | 70.7 | 77.5 | 82.0 | 90.6 | |
Grade 3 | 6,905 | 57.5±0.2 | 0.5 | 40.0 | 42.8 | 44.2 | 46.5 | 48.0 | 50.4 | 55.8 | 62.9 | 67.7 | 71.5 | 78.0 | 82.2 | 92.7 |
SE, standard error.
Difference values are the mean differences in weight between the corresponding grade-students and the 1-year younger grade-students.
Mean and percentile values of body mass index by sex and school grade in Korean school students
School grade | No. | Mean±SE | Difference |
Percentile values of body mass index (kg/m2) |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 3rd | 5th | 10th | 15th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 85th | 90th | 95th | 97th | 99th | |||||
Elementary school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 3,299 | 16.8±0.1 | - | 13.0 | 13.6 | 13.9 | 14.4 | 14.6 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.0 | 19.2 | 20.3 | 22.1 | 23.4 | 25.2 | |
Grade 2 | 3,357 | 17.5±0.1 | 0.7 | 13.2 | 13.8 | 14.1 | 14.6 | 15.0 | 15.5 | 16.7 | 18.9 | 20.6 | 21.8 | 23.4 | 24.8 | 26.6 | |
Grade 3 | 3,383 | 18.5±0.1 | 1.0 | 13.3 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 15.0 | 15.3 | 15.9 | 17.7 | 20.4 | 22.0 | 23.3 | 25.3 | 26.5 | 28.9 | |
Grade 4 | 3,355 | 19.3±0.1 | 0.8 | 13.8 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 15.8 | 16.5 | 18.5 | 21.6 | 23.2 | 24.5 | 26.4 | 27.5 | 30.1 | |
Grade 5 | 3,384 | 20.1±0.1 | 0.8 | 14.0 | 14.8 | 15.2 | 15.8 | 16.3 | 17.1 | 19.4 | 22.5 | 24.4 | 25.5 | 27.4 | 28.8 | 30.9 | |
Grade 6 | 3,333 | 21.0±0.1 | 0.9 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 15.6 | 16.3 | 16.9 | 17.9 | 20.5 | 23.7 | 25.5 | 26.6 | 28.4 | 29.6 | 32.0 | |
Middle school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 5,038 | 21.1±0.1 | 0.1 | 14.6 | 15.4 | 15.8 | 16.5 | 17.1 | 18.0 | 20.4 | 23.7 | 25.6 | 26.8 | 28.7 | 30.0 | 32.8 | |
Grade 2 | 5,102 | 21.8±0.1 | 0.7 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 16.4 | 17.2 | 17.8 | 18.7 | 21.0 | 24.4 | 26.5 | 28.0 | 30.1 | 31.6 | 34.1 | |
Grade 3 | 5,315 | 22.2±0.1 | 0.4 | 15.7 | 16.4 | 16.9 | 17.5 | 18.1 | 19.1 | 21.4 | 24.7 | 26.8 | 28.4 | 30.7 | 32.4 | 35.2 | |
High school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 6,188 | 22.7±0.1 | 0.5 | 16.0 | 16.8 | 17.3 | 18.0 | 18.6 | 19.6 | 21.9 | 25.1 | 27.1 | 28.6 | 30.9 | 32.5 | 35.6 | |
Grade 2 | 6,448 | 23.0±0.1 | 0.3 | 16.1 | 17.0 | 17.5 | 18.3 | 19.0 | 20.0 | 22.3 | 25.2 | 27.3 | 29.0 | 31.3 | 33.2 | 36.4 | |
Grade 3 | 6,837 | 23.6±0.1 | 0.6 | 16.7 | 17.5 | 18.0 | 18.8 | 19.4 | 20.5 | 22.8 | 25.8 | 27.7 | 29.3 | 31.9 | 33.7 | 37.0 | |
Elementary school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 3,138 | 16.4±0.0 | - | 12.8 | 13.4 | 13.6 | 14.1 | 14.4 | 14.9 | 16.0 | 17.6 | 18.6 | 19.5 | 20.9 | 22.0 | 23.7 | |
Grade 2 | 3,180 | 16.9±0.1 | 0.5 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 13.7 | 14.2 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 16.3 | 18.1 | 19.5 | 20.5 | 21.9 | 22.9 | 25.1 | |
Grade 3 | 3,149 | 17.5±0.1 | 0.6 | 13.2 | 13.7 | 14.0 | 14.5 | 14.8 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 19.1 | 20.3 | 21.3 | 23.0 | 23.8 | 25.8 | |
Grade 4 | 3,201 | 18.1±0.1 | 0.6 | 13.1 | 13.7 | 14.1 | 14.7 | 15.1 | 15.8 | 17.6 | 20.0 | 21.5 | 22.7 | 24.1 | 25.2 | 27.6 | |
Grade 5 | 3,180 | 18.9±0.1 | 0.8 | 13.5 | 14.2 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 15.7 | 16.4 | 18.3 | 20.8 | 22.4 | 23.6 | 25.2 | 26.3 | 28.6 | |
Grade 6 | 3,132 | 19.7±0.1 | 0.8 | 14.0 | 14.7 | 15.2 | 15.8 | 16.4 | 17.2 | 19.2 | 21.7 | 23.3 | 24.3 | 26.2 | 27.6 | 29.9 | |
Middle school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 4,785 | 20.4±0.1 | 0.7 | 14.5 | 15.3 | 15.7 | 16.5 | 17.1 | 18.0 | 19.9 | 22.3 | 24.0 | 25.4 | 27.5 | 28.9 | 31.5 | |
Grade 2 | 4,900 | 21.0±0.1 | 0.6 | 15.2 | 15.9 | 16.4 | 17.2 | 17.8 | 18.6 | 20.4 | 22.8 | 24.6 | 25.9 | 28.3 | 29.6 | 32.7 | |
Grade 3 | 5,010 | 21.5±0.1 | 0.5 | 15.7 | 16.5 | 16.9 | 17.6 | 18.2 | 19.0 | 20.8 | 23.3 | 24.9 | 26.3 | 28.4 | 30.0 | 33.4 | |
High school | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 5,839 | 21.9±0.1 | 0.4 | 16.0 | 16.8 | 17.2 | 18.0 | 18.5 | 19.3 | 21.2 | 23.5 | 25.2 | 26.6 | 29.0 | 30.6 | 33.4 | |
Grade 2 | 6,496 | 22.0±0.1 | 0.1 | 16.1 | 17.0 | 17.5 | 18.1 | 18.6 | 19.5 | 21.3 | 23.7 | 25.4 | 27.0 | 29.4 | 30.8 | 34.2 | |
Grade 3 | 6,905 | 22.2±0.1 | 0.2 | 16.2 | 17.1 | 17.5 | 18.3 | 18.8 | 19.6 | 21.6 | 24.1 | 25.8 | 27.2 | 29.6 | 31.4 | 34.7 |
SE, standard error.
Difference values are the mean differences in body mass index between the corresponding grade-students and the 1-year younger grade-students.
Comparison of mean height and weight by sex and school grade between Korea School Health Examination Survey (KSHES) 2010 (n=188,352) and 2018 (n=107,954)
School grade | KSHES 2010 |
KSHES 2018 |
Difference | KSHES 2010 |
KSHES 2018 |
Difference | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Height (cm) | No. | Height (cm) | No. | Weight (kg) | No. | Weight (kg) | ||||||
Elementary school | |||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 7,487 | 121.8±0.1 | 3,299 | 122.1±0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0694 | 7,488 | 24.9±0.1 | 3,299 | 25.2±0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0694 | |
Grade 2 | 7,476 | 127.7±0.1 | 3,357 | 127.8±0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5393 | 7,475 | 28.4±0.1 | 3,357 | 28.9±0.2 | 0.5 | 0.0125 | |
Grade 3 | 7,578 | 133.1±0.1 | 3,383 | 133.8±0.1 | 0.7 | <0.0001 | 7,576 | 32.1±0.1 | 3,383 | 33.3±0.2 | 1.2 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 4 | 7,618 | 138.4±0.1 | 3,355 | 139.7±0.1 | 1.3 | <0.0001 | 7,617 | 35.9±0.1 | 3,355 | 37.9±0.2 | 2.0 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 5 | 7,598 | 144.0±0.1 | 3,384 | 145.0±0.1 | 1.0 | <0.0001 | 7,594 | 41.1±0.1 | 3,384 | 42.7±0.2 | 1.6 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 6 | 7,669 | 150.2±0.1 | 3,333 | 152.2±0.1 | 2.0 | <0.0001 | 7,669 | 46.1±0.1 | 3,333 | 49.1±0.3 | 3.0 | <0.0001 | |
Middle school | |||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 9,389 | 157.9±0.1 | 5,038 | 160.4±0.1 | 2.5 | <0.0001 | 9,388 | 51.7±0.2 | 5,038 | 54.6±0.2 | 2.9 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 2 | 9,294 | 164.2±0.1 | 5,102 | 166.3±0.1 | 2.1 | <0.0001 | 9,290 | 57.2±0.2 | 5,102 | 60.7±0.3 | 3.5 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 3 | 9,107 | 168.9±0.1 | 5,315 | 170.2±0.1 | 1.3 | <0.0001 | 9,106 | 61.5±0.2 | 5,315 | 64.6±0.2 | 3.1 | <0.0001 | |
High school | |||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 9,220 | 171.8±0.1 | 6,188 | 172.6±0.1 | 0.8 | <0.0001 | 9,219 | 64.7±0.2 | 6,188 | 67.8±0.2 | 3.1 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 2 | 8,952 | 173.0±0.1 | 6,448 | 173.3±0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0383 | 8,952 | 66.6±0.2 | 6,448 | 69.3±0.2 | 2.7 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 3 | 8,884 | 173.7±0.1 | 6,837 | 173.8±0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4868 | 8,884 | 68.1±0.2 | 6,837 | 71.3±0.2 | 3.2 | <0.0001 | |
Elementary school | |||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 6,955 | 120.6±0.1 | 3,138 | 120.9±0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0652 | 6,955 | 23.7±0.1 | 3,138 | 24.2±0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0021 | |
Grade 2 | 6,810 | 126.4±0.1 | 3,180 | 126.8±0.1 | 0.4 | 0.0136 | 6,809 | 26.9±0.1 | 3,180 | 27.4±0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0020 | |
Grade 3 | 7,025 | 132.0±0.1 | 3,149 | 132.4±0.1 | 0.4 | 0.0147 | 7,024 | 30.3±0.1 | 3,149 | 30.8±0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0023 | |
Grade 4 | 7,162 | 138.1±0.1 | 3,201 | 139.1±0.1 | 1.0 | <0.0001 | 7,161 | 34.2±0.1 | 3,201 | 35.3±0.2 | 1.1 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 5 | 7,024 | 144.6±0.1 | 3,180 | 145.6±0.1 | 1.0 | <0.0001 | 7,023 | 39.2±0.1 | 3,180 | 40.3±0.2 | 1.1 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 6 | 7,026 | 151.2±0.1 | 3,132 | 152.2±0.1 | 1.0 | <0.0001 | 7,024 | 44.4±0.1 | 3,132 | 46.0±0.3 | 1.6 | <0.0001 | |
Middle school | |||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 7,839 | 155.5±0.1 | 4,785 | 156.9±0.1 | 1.4 | <0.0001 | 7,838 | 48.2±0.2 | 4,785 | 50.4±0.2 | 2.2 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 2 | 7,501 | 158.2±0.1 | 4,900 | 158.9±0.1 | 0.7 | <0.0001 | 7,500 | 51.5±0.2 | 4,900 | 53.2±0.2 | 1.7 | 0.0332 | |
Grade 3 | 7,496 | 159.6±0.1 | 5,010 | 160.3±0.1 | 0.7 | <0.0001 | 7,496 | 53.2±0.1 | 5,010 | 55.4±0.2 | 2.2 | <0.0001 | |
High school | |||||||||||||
Grade 1 | 7,395 | 160.6±0.1 | 5,839 | 160.9±0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0361 | 7,395 | 54.9±0.2 | 5,839 | 56.7±0.2 | 1.8 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 2 | 7,094 | 160.7±0.1 | 6,496 | 160.9±0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1585 | 7,093 | 55.5±0.2 | 6,496 | 57.0±0.2 | 1.5 | <0.0001 | |
Grade 3 | 7,217 | 160.9±0.1 | 6,905 | 160.9±0.1 | 0.0 | 1.0000 | 7,217 | 55.6±0.2 | 6,905 | 57.5±0.2 | 1.9 | <0.0001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard error.